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Page No 48:

Question 1:

Find out incorrect sentence
(a) Protista includes unicellular eukaryotic organisms
(b) Whittaker considered cell structure, mode and source of nutrition for classifying the organisms in five kingdoms
(c) Both Monera and Protista may be autotrophic and heterotrophic
(d) Monerans have well defined nucleus

Answer:

Kingdom Monera consists of prokaryotic organisms which are characterized by the absence of well defined nucleus. It includes bacteria, cyanobacteria etc.
Hence, the correct answer is option D.

Page No 48:

Question 2:

Which among the following has specialised tissue for conduction of water?
(i) Thallophyta
(ii) Bryophyta
(iii) Pteridophyta
(iv) Gymnosperms

(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (iii) and (iv)
(d) (i) and (iv)

Answer:

Division Thallophyta and Bryophyta does not have specialized tissue for conduction of water. These tissues first appeared in Pteridophytes and are found in Gymnosperms as well. 
Hence, the correct answer is option C. 

Page No 48:

Question 3:

Which among the following produce seeds?
(a) Thallophyta
(b) Bryophyta
(c) Pteridophyta
(d) Gymnosperms

Answer:

Gymnosperms are the group of plants which bear naked seeds. The lower group of plants (Thallophyta, Bryophyta and Pteridophyta) do not bear seeds. 
Hence, the correct answer is option D.

Page No 48:

Question 4:

Which one is a true fish?
(a) Jellyfish
(b) Starfish
(c) Dogfish
(d) Silverfish

Answer:

Dogfish is the one among all which is a true fish. Jellyfish is a coelentrate, Starfish belongs to echinodermata and Silverfish is an arthropod.
Hence, the correct answer is option C. 

Page No 48:

Question 5:

Which among the following is exclusively marine?
(a) Porifera
(b) Echinodermata
(c) Mollusca
(d) Pisces

Answer:

Echinodermata is the only among these groups which are exclusively marine and all other phylums are found in freshwater also.
Hence, the correct answer is option B.



Page No 49:

Question 6:

Which among the following have open circulatory system?
(i) Arthropoda
(ii) Mollusca
(iii) Annelida
(iv) Coelenterata

(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (iii) and (iv)
(c) (i) and (iii)
(d) (ii) and (iv)

Answer:

Annelida and Coelenterata possess closed circulatory system whereas Arthropods and Mollusca possess an open circulatory system.
Hence, the correct answer is option A.

Page No 49:

Question 7:

In which group of animals, coelom is filled with blood?
(a) Arthropoda
(b) Annelida
(c) Nematoda
(d) Echinodermata

Answer:

Due to the presence of open circulatory system, the coelom of arthropod is filled with blood (haemocoel).  
Hence, the correct answer is option A. 

Page No 49:

Question 8:

Elephantiasis is caused by
(a) Wuchereria
(b) Pinworm
(c) Planarians
(d) Liver flukes

Answer:

Elephantiasis is caused by Wuchereria which is a human parasite belonging to phylum Aschelminthes (Nematoda).
​Hence, the correct answer is option A.

Page No 49:

Question 9:

Which one is the most striking or (common) character of the vertebrates?
(a) Presence of notochord
(b) Presence of triploblastic condition
(c) Presence of gill pouches
(d) Presence of coelom

Answer:

Presence of triploblastic condition, gill pouches, and coelom can be found in invertebrates also but notochord is exclusively present in vertebrates.
​Hence, the correct answer is option A.

Page No 49:

Question 10:

Which among the following have scales?
(i) Amphibians
(ii) Pisces
(iii) Reptiles
(iv) Mammals

(a) (i) and (iii)
(b) (iii) and (iv)
(c) (ii) and (iii)
(d) (i) and (ii)

Answer:

Pisces and reptiles have scales on their body whereas amphibians and mammals don’t have scales.
​Hence, the correct answer is option C.

Page No 49:

Question 11:

Find out the false statement
(a) Aves are warm blooded, egg laying and have four chambered heart
(b) Aves have feather covered body, fore limbs are modified as wing and breathe through lungs
(c) Most of the mammals are viviparous
(d) Fishes, amphibians and reptiles are oviparous

Answer:

Amphibians show external fertilization, hence cannot be categorized as oviparous or viviparous. Some fishes and reptiles are viviparous also.

Hence, the correct answer is option D.



Page No 50:

Question 12:

Pteridophyta do not have
(a) root
(b) stem
(c) flowers
(d) leaves

Answer:

Plant body of Pteridophyta is differentiated into root, stem and leaves. They do not bear flowers. Angiosperms are the only group of plants that bear flowers.
Hence, the correct answer is option C.

Page No 50:

Question 13:

Identify a member of porifera
(a) Spongilla
(b) Euglena
(c) Penicillium
(d) Hydra

Answer:

Spongilla belongs to phylum Porifera. Euglena is a protozoan which belongs to kingdom Protists, Penicillium belongs to kingdom Fungi and Hydra belongs to phylum Coelenterata.
Hence, the correct answer is option A.
 

Page No 50:

Question 14:

Which is not an aquatic animal?
(a) Hydra
(b) Jelly fish
(c) Corals
(d) Filaria

Answer:

Filaria is not an aquatic animal. It is a parasite that causes a parasitic disease (filariasis). Filariasis is caused by Wuchereria
Hydra, jelly fish and corals are  coelenterates and are found in aquatic enviornment.
Hence, the correct answer is option D. 

Page No 50:

Question 15:

Amphibians do not have the following
(a) Three chambered heart
(b) Gills or lungs
(c) Scales
(d) Mucus glands

Answer:

Amphibians are characterized by the presence of three chambered heart, gills or lungs for respiration and mucus glands on skin to keep it moist. They do not have scales on their body.
Hence, the correct answer is option D.

Page No 50:

Question 16:

Organisms without nucleus and cell organelles belong to
(i) fungi
(ii) protista
(iii) cyanobacteria
(iv) archaebacteria

(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (iii) and (iv)
(c) (i) and (iv)
(d) (ii) and (iii)

Answer:

Both archaebacteria and cyanobacteria are prokaryotes and belongs to the kingdom Monera which is characterized by the absence of well defined nucleus and membrane bound cell organelles.
Hence, the correct answer is option B.

Page No 50:

Question 17:

Which of the following is not a criterion for classification of living organisms?
(a) Body design of the organism
(b) Ability to produce one’s own food
(c) Membrane bound nucleus and cell organelles
(d) Height of the plant

Answer:

Height of the plant is not a reliable criteria for classification of living organism as height can be affected by several factors such as environment, habitat, nutrition etc. besides genetic factor.
Hence, the correct answer is option D.  

Page No 50:

Question 18:

The feature that is not a characteristic of protochordata?
(a) Presence of notochord
(b) Bilateral symmetry and coelom
(c) Jointed legs
(d) Presence of circulatory system

Answer:

The body of Protochordata is bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic and its a coelomate. At a certain stage of their lives they develop notochord and also have an open circulatory system. The feature of jointed legs is found in arthropods.
Hence, the correct answer is option C. 



Page No 51:

Question 19:

The locomotory organs of Echinodermata are
(a) tube feet
(b) muscular feet
(c) jointed legs
(d) parapodia

Answer:

Tube feet are the locomotory organ of Echinodermata. They not only provide locomotion but also helps in the process of respiration and capturing food. 
Hence, the correct answer is option A.

Page No 51:

Question 20:

Corals are
(a) Poriferans attached to some solid support
(b) Cnidarians, that are solitary living
(c) Poriferans present at the sea bed
(d) Cnidarians that live in colonies

Answer:

Corals are the cnidarians that live in colonies. They exist in the form of polyps which are held together by calcium carbonate. 
Hence, the correct answer is option D.

Page No 51:

Question 21:

Who introduced the system of scientific nomenclature of organisms
(a) Robert Whittaker
(b) Carolus Linnaeus
(c) Robert Hooke
(d) Ernst Haeckel

Answer:

Carolus Linnaeus is the one who introduced the system of scientific nomenclature of organisms. He is also named as the father of binomial nomenclature.
Hence, the correct answer is option B.

Page No 51:

Question 22:

Two chambered heart occurs in
(a) crocodiles
(b) fish
(c) aves
(d) amphibians

Answer:

Two chambered heart is found in fishes. Aves (birds) and crocodiles have four chambered heart while amphibians have three chambered heart. 
Hence, the correct answer is option B.

Page No 51:

Question 23:

Skeleton is made entirely of cartilage in
(a) Sharks
(b) Tuna
(c) Rohu
(d) None of these

Answer:

Sharks belong to the class Chondrichthyes which consists of cartilaginous fishes. Tuna and Rohu have bony endoskeleton.
Hence, the correct answer is option A. 

Page No 51:

Question 24:

One of the following is not an Annelid
(a) Nereis
(b) Earthworm
(c) Leech
(d) Urchins

Answer:

Among all of the mentioned, sea urchins are the one which do not belong to the Annelids, They belong to phylum Echinodermata. 
Hence, the correct answer is option D. 

Page No 51:

Question 25:

The book Systema Naturae was written by
(a) Linnaeus
(b) Haeckel
(c) Whittaker
(d) Robert Brown

Answer:

Systema Naturae was written by Carl Linnaeus, who is also known as father of taxonomy. 
Hence, the correct asnwer is option A. 

Page No 51:

Question 26:

Karl Von Linne was involved with which branch of science?
(a) Morphology
(b) Taxonomy
(c) Physiology
(d) Medicine

Answer:

Carl Von Linne also known as Carolus Linnaeus also known as father of taxonomy. 
Hence, the correct answer is option B.



Page No 52:

Question 27:

Real organs are absent in
(a) Mollusca
(b) Coelenterata
(c) Arthropoda
(d) Echinodermata

Answer:

Phylum arthropda, mollusca and echinodermata exhibit organ system level of organization while members of phylum coelenterata exhibit tissue level of organization which is why they lack real organs.
Hence, the correct answer is option B.

Page No 52:

Question 28:

Hard calcium carbonate structures are used as skeleton by
(a) Echinodermata
(b) Protochordata
(c) Arthropoda
(d) Nematoda

Answer:

Echinoderms has hard calcium carbonate structures as endoskeleton.
Hence, the correct answer is option A.  

Page No 52:

Question 29:

Differentiation in segmental fashion occurs in
(a) Leech
(b) Starfish
(c) Snails
(d) Ascaris

Answer:

The organisms belonging to phylum Annelida exhibit property of differentiation in segmental fashion which is called metamerism and Leech belongs to Annelida.
Hence, the correct answer is option A.

Page No 52:

Question 30:

In taxonomic hierarchy family comes between
(a) Class and Order
(b) Order and Genus
(c) Genus and Species
(d) Division and Class

Answer:

Taxonomic hierarchy consists of seven taxonomic categories as: Kingdom → Phylum/Division → Class → Order → Family → Genus → Species. It is evident that family comes between order and genus.
Hence, the correct answer is option B.

Page No 52:

Question 31:

5-Kingdom classification was given by
(a) Morgan
(b) R. Whittaker
(c) Linnaeus
(d) Haeckel

Answer:

5 kingdom classification was given by R.H. Whittaker in 1969.
Hence, the correct answer is option B.
 

Page No 52:

Question 32:

Well defined nucleus is absent in
(a) blue green algae
(b) diatoms
(c) algae
(d) yeast

Answer:

Blue green algae belongs to Kingdom Monera which comprises of all the prokaryotes. It is a characteristic feature of prokaryotes that they do not have a well defined nucleus. Instead, they have a nucleoid region which have their genetic material.

Hence, the correct answer is option A.
 

Page No 52:

Question 33:

The ‘Origin of Species’ is written by
(a) Linnaeus
(b) Darwin
(c) Hackel
(d) Whittaker

Answer:

The book 'Origin of Species' was written by Charles Darwin in 1859.
Hence, the correct answer is option B.
 



Page No 53:

Question 34:

Meena and Hari observed an animal in their garden. Hari called it an insect while Meena said it was an earthworm. Choose the character from the following which confirms that it is an insect.
(a) Bilateral symmetrical body
(b) Body with jointed legs
(c) Cylindrical body
(d) Body with little segmentation

Answer:

The characteristic feature of an insect is the presence of jointed legs and an insect belongs to the phylum Arthropoda. 

Hence, the correct answer is option B.
 

Page No 53:

Question 35:

Write true (T) or false (F)
(a) Whittaker proposed five kingdom classification.
(b) Monera is divided into Archaebacteria and Eubacteria.
(c) Starting from Class, Species comes before the Genus.
(d) Anabaena belongs to the kingdom Monera.
(e) Blue green algae belongs to the kingdom Protista.
(f) All prokaryotes are classified under Monera.

Answer:

(a) True
(b) True
(c) False, Species comes after the Genus when we start from Class.
(d) True
(e) False, Blue green algae belongs to the kingdom Monera.
(f) True
 

Page No 53:

Question 36:

Fill in the blanks
(a) Fungi shows ——— mode of nutrition.
(b) Cell wall of fungi is made up of ———.
(c) Association between blue green algae and fungi is called as ———.
(d) Chemical nature of chitin is ———.
(e) ——— has smallest number of organisms with maximum number of similar characters.
(f) Plants without well differentiated stem, root and leaf are kept in ———.
(g) ——— are called as amphibians of the plant kingdom.

Answer:

(a) saprotrophic 
(b) chitin
(c) lichen
(d) polysaccharide (carbohydrate) 
(e) Species
(f) thallophyta (algae) 
(g) Bryophytes

Page No 53:

Question 37:

You are provided with the seeds of gram, wheat, rice, pumpkin, maize and pea. Classify them whether they are monocot or dicot.

Answer:

To classify any seed into monocot or dicot, we need to check the number of cotyledons found in the seed. If the seed has one cotyledon, it is a monocot seed and if the seed has two cotyledons it is a dicot seed. Among these seeds, gram, pumpkin and pea are dicots while wheat, rice and maize are monocots. 

Page No 53:

Question 38:

Match items of column (A) with items of column (B)
 

(A) (B)
(a) Naked seed (A) Angiosperms
(b) Covered seed (B) Gymnosperms
(c) Flagella (C) Bryophytes
(d) Marchantia (D) Euglena
(e) Marsilea (E) Thallophyta
(f) Cladophora (F) Pteridophyta
(g) Penicillium (G) Fungi

Answer:

(a) Naked seed - Gymnosperms
(b) Covered seed - Angiosperms
(c) Flagella - Euglena
(d) Marchantia - Bryophytes
(e) Marsilea - Pteridophyta
(f) Cladophora - Thallophyta
(g) Penicillium - Fungi
 



Page No 54:

Question 39:

Match items of column (A) with items of column (B)
 

(A) (B)
(a) Pore bearing animals (A) Arthropoda
(b) Diploblastic (B) Coelenterata
(c) Metameric segmentation (C) Porifera
(d) Jointed legs (D) Echinodermata
(e) Soft bodied animals (E) Mollusca
(f) Spiny skinned animals (F) Annelida

Answer:

(a) Pore bearing animals - Porifera
(b) Diploblastic - Coelentrata
(c) Metameric segmentation - Annelida
(d) Jointed legs - Arthropoda
(e) Soft bodied animals - Mollusca
(f) Spiny skinned animals - Echinodermata

Page No 54:

Question 40:

Classify the following organisms based on the absence/presence of true coelom (i.e., acoelomate, pseudocoelomate and coelomate)
 

Spongilla, Sea anemone, Planaria, Liver fluke
Wuchereria, Ascaris, Nereis, Earthworm,
Scorpion, Birds, Fishes, Horse.

Answer:


Acoelomates - Spongilla, Sea anemone, Planaria, Liver fluke
Pseudocoelomates - Wuchereria, Ascaris
​Coelomates - Nereis, Earthworm, Scorpion, Birds, Fishes and Horse.

Page No 54:

Question 41:

Endoskeleton of fishes are made up of cartilage and bone; classify the following fishes as cartilagenous or bony

Torpedo, Sting ray, Dog fish,
Rohu, Angler fish, Exocoetus.

Answer:


Cartilaginous fishes - Torpedo, Sting ray and Dog fish.
​Bony fishes - Rohu, Angler fish and Exocoetus.

Page No 54:

Question 42:

Classify the following based on number of chambers in their heart.
Rohu, Scoliodon, Frog, Salamander, Flying lizard, King Cobra, Crocodile, Ostrich, Pigeon, Bat, Whale

Answer:


2-chambered heart - Rohu and Scoliodon
3-chambered heart - Frog, Salamander, Flying lizard and King cobra
​4-chambered heart - Crocodile, Ostrich, Pigeon, Bat and Whale

Page No 54:

Question 43:

Classify Rohu, Scolidon, Flying lizard, King Kobra, Frog, Salamander, Ostrich, Pigeon, Bat, Crocodile and Whale into the cold blooded/warm blooded animals.

Answer:


Cold blooded animals - Rohu, Scoliodon, Flying lizard, King cobra, Frog, Salamander and Crocodile
Warm blooded animals - Ostrich, Pigeon, Bat and Whale

Page No 54:

Question 44:

Name two egg laying mammals.

Answer:

The two egg laying mammals are Billed Platypus and Echidna (spiny ant eaters).

Page No 54:

Question 45:

Fill in the blanks
(a) Five kingdom classification of living organisms is given by ———.
(b) Basic smallest unit of classification is ———.
(c) Prokaryotes are grouped in Kingdom ———.
(d) Paramecium is a protista because of its ———.
(e) Fungi do not contain ———.
(f) A fungus ——— can be seen without microscope.
(g) Common fungi used in preparing the bread is ———.
(h) Algae and fungi form symbiotic association called ———.

Answer:

(a) R.H. Whittaker
(b) species
(c) Monera
(d) unicellular eukaryotic organisation
(e) cholorophyll
(f) mushroom
(g) yeast
(h) lichen

Page No 54:

Question 46:

Give True (T) and False (F)
(a) Gymnosperms differ from Angiosperms in having covered seed.
(b) Non flowering plants are called Cryptogamae.
(c) Bryophytes have conducting tissue.
(d) Funaria is a moss.
(e) Compound leaves are found in many ferns.
(f) Seeds contain embryo.

Answer:

(a) False, Gymnosperms differ from angiosperms in having naked seeds.
(b) True
(c) False, Bryophytes do not have conducting tissue.
(d) True
(e) True
(f) True



Page No 55:

Question 47:

Give examples for the following
(a) Bilateral, dorsiventral symmetry is found in ———.
(b) Worms causing disease elephantiasis is ———.
(c) Open circulatory system is found in ——— where coelomic cavity is filled with blood.
(d) ——— are known to have pseudocoelom.

Answer:

(a) Platyhelminthes 
(b) Wuchereria
(c) Arthrodpoda
(d) Nematodes

Page No 55:

Question 48:

Label a,b,c and d. given in Figure. Give the function of (b)

Answer:

a- dorsal fin 
b- caudal fin
c- pelvic fin
d- pectoral fin
Function of caudal or tail fin is to give direction to the fish for swimming. 

Page No 55:

Question 49:

Fill in the boxes given in Figure. with appropriate characteristics/plant group (s)

Answer:

(a) Thallophyta
(b) Without vascular tissues
(c) Pteridophyta
(d) Phanerogams
(e) Bear naked seeds
(f) Angiosperms
(g) Have seeds with two cotyledons
(h) Monocots



Page No 56:

Question 50:

Write names of few thallophytes. Draw a labelled diagram of Spirogyra.

Answer:

Thallophytes are the algae and some of the names are Volvox, Spirogyra, Chlamydomonas, Cladophora and Ulothrix.

Spirogyra-



 

Page No 56:

Question 51:

Thallophyta, bryophyta and pteridophyta are called as ‘Cryptogams’. Gymnosperms and Angiosperms are called as ‘phanerogams’. Discuss why? Draw one example of Gymnosperm.

Answer:

The term crypto means hidden, which means the plant which have hidden reproductive structures and are referred as cryptogams. These plants lack flower and seed also. On the other hand, phanero means visible or evident, which means the plant which have visible reproductive structures and these plants are referred to as phanerogams. They also bear seeds. 

A Gymnosperm-  Pinus


 

Page No 56:

Question 52:

Define the terms and give one example of each
(a) Bilateral symmetry
(b) Coelom
(c) Triploblastic

Answer:

(a) Bilateral symmetry- The type of symmetry in which an individual can be divided into two equal halves on a plane axis. For example- Cockroach, Butterfly



(b) Coelom- It is the internal body cavity which is lined by the tissue derived from mesoderm. It is present between the gut and the outer body wall of a multicellular organism.  For example- Human beings have coelom.



(c) Triploblastic- An organism consisting of three germ layers- ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm is termed as triploblastic organism. For example- Fishes.



 

Page No 56:

Question 53:

You are given leech, Nereis, Scolopendra, prawn and scorpion; and all have segmented body organisation. Will you classify them in one group? If no, give the important characters based on which you will separate these organisms into different groups.

Answer:

No, all of them cannot be classified in the same group. There are some other characteristics as well by which these organisms can be separated into different groups.
1. Leech and Nereis are placed in the same group, i.e Phylum annelida, because of the presence of metamerically segmented body in which the internal body is divided into various segments. Their body segments are lined up one after the other from head to tail. 
2. Scolopendra, Prawn and Scorpion belongs to the same phylum, which is Arthropoda because of the presence of jointed legs and open circulatory system in all three of them. Their coelomic cavity is blood-filled.

Page No 56:

Question 54:

Which organism is more complex and evolved among Bacteria, Mushroom and Mango tree. Give reasons.

Answer:

Among all the three mentioned, Mango tree is the most evolved and complex organism because it is multicellular, eukaryotic organism with an autotrophic mode of nutrition. It has a well differentiated body which consists of root, stem, leaves and fruits which bear seeds. It also have well developed vascular tissue, xylem and phloem which helps in conduction of water and essential nutrients to the plant. While on the other hand, bacteria is unicellular and prokaryotic and mushroom is multicellular, eukaryotic but do not have a well differentiated body and feeds on other organisms.  

Page No 56:

Question 55:

Differentiate between flying lizard and bird. Draw the diagram.

Answer:

Differences among flying lizard and bird-
 

Flying lizard Bird 
It belongs to the class Reptilia It belongs to the class Aves
It has a three chambered heart It has a four chambered heart
The body is covered with scales The body is covered with feathers
It is a cold blooded organism It is a warm blooded organism

Flying lizard

Pigeon

 

Page No 56:

Question 56:

List out some common features in cat, rat and bat.

Answer:

Cat, Rat and Bat, all three of them belongs to the phylum Chordata, class Mammalia. Common feature among them are-

  • All have vertebral column.
  • All are warm blooded animals.
  • All have mammary glands.
  • All of them have hair, sweat glands and oil glands on their skin.
  • All have 4-chambered heart.

Page No 56:

Question 57:

Why do we keep both snake and turtle in the same class?

Answer:

Both snake and turtle belongs to the same class, Reptilia because of the following features-

  • The skin of both organisms is covered with scales.
  • Both are cold blooded organisms.
  • Both have three chambered heart.
  • The egg laid by both the organisms have tough coverings. 
  • Both of them breathes through lungs.



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