NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 1 Crop Production And Management are provided here with simple step-by-step explanations. These solutions for Crop Production And Management are extremely popular among class 8 students for Science Crop Production And Management Solutions come handy for quickly completing your homework and preparing for exams. All questions and answers from the NCERT Book of class 8 Science Chapter 1 are provided here for you for free. You will also love the ad-free experience on Meritnation’s NCERT Solutions. All NCERT Solutions for class 8 Science are prepared by experts and are 100% accurate.
Page No 1:
Question 1:
Which one of the following condition is not essential to grow maize?
(a) High temperature
(b) Humidity
​(c) Low temperature
(d) Rainfall
Answer:
Maize is a Kharif crop that is grown in the rainy season only. It requires high temperature, humidity and proper rainfall to grow while the Rabi crops like wheat or gram, need a low temperature to grow.
Hence, the correct answer is option (c).
Page No 1:
Question 2:
Propagation of ginger is generally done using
(a) seed
(b) stem (rhizome)
(c) root
​(d) leaf
Answer:
The vegetative propagation of ginger is done by using the stem or rhizome as it is a modified underground stem.
Hence, the correct answer is option (b).
Page No 1:
Question 3:
Which of the following statement is not true for organic manure?
​(a) It enhances water holding capacity of soil.
(b) It has a balance of all plant nutrients.
(c) It provides humus to soil.
(d) It improves texture of soil.
Answer:
Manure is an organic substance obtained from the decomposition of plant or animal wastes. But it does not have a balance of all plant nutrients. The use of manure improves soil texture as well as its water-retaining capacity and it also provides humus to the soil.
Hence, the correct answer is option (b).
Page No 1:
Question 4:
The term used for the process of separation of grains from chaff is
(a) sieving
(b) threshing
(c) winnowing
​(d) hand picking
Answer:
The process of separation of grains from the chaff is known as winnowing. It is a method of separating the lighter components (chaff) from the heavier components (grains) from the mixture with the help of wind or by blowing air.
Hence, the correct answer is option (c).
Page No 1:
Question 5:
Read the statements given below.
​(i) Seeds require moisture for germination.
(ii) Plants can absorb nutrients mostly in dissolved form.
(iii) Irrigation protects crops from both frost and hot air currents.
(iv) Irrigation improves soil texture.
Choose the combination of statements which indicate the need to irrigate crops.
(a) i and ii
(b) i, ii, iii
(c) i, ii, iii, iv
(d) i and iii
Answer:
The supply of water to crops at regular intervals is called irrigation. For the germination of seed, it requires proper moisture that can be done through irrigation. As plants absorb most of the nutrients in dissolved form, they need a proper supply of water for their nutrient needs.
Hence, the correct answer is option (a).
Page No 1:
Question 6:
Which of the following tools would a farmer use to remove weeds from the field?
(a) Hoe
(b) Plough
(c) Axe
​(d) Cultivator
Answer:
Hoe is a simple tool that is used for removing weeds and for loosening the soil. It has a long rod of wood or iron. A strong, broad, and bent plate of iron is fixed to one of its ends and works as a blade. It is pulled by animals.
Hence, the correct answer is option (a).
Page No 2:
Question 7:
Which of the following is not true for fertilizers?
​(a) They increase the yield.
(b) Their excessive use disturbs the balance of nutrients in the soil.
(c) They are generally used in small quantities.
(d) They are environment friendly.
Answer:
Hence, the correct answer is option (d).
Page No 2:
Question 8:
Given below are statements about the harmful effects of weeds on crop plants.
​(i) They interfere in harvesting.
(ii) They help crop plants to grow healthily.
(iii) They compete with crop plants for water, nutrients, space and light.
(iv) They affect plant growth.
Choose the correct combination of statements.
(a) i, iii, iv
(b) iii only
(c) iii, iv
(d) i, ii, iii, iv
Answer:
These undesirable plants that grow along with the crops are called weeds. They compete with the crop plants for water, nutrients, space and light. Thus, they affect the growth of the crop. Some weeds interfere even in harvesting and may be poisonous for animals and human beings.
Hence, the correct answer is option (a).
Page No 2:
Question 9:
The process of loosening and turning of soil is called
(a) irrigation and manuring
(b) digging and winnowing
(c) tilling and ploughing
​(d) harvesting and storage
Answer:
The process of loosening and turning of the soil is called tilling or ploughing. This is done by using a plough that is made up of wood or iron.
Hence, the correct answer is option (c).
Page No 2:
Question 10:
The monsoon season in our country is during the months
(a) April to December
(b) June to September
(c) November to March
​(d) January to May
Answer:
The monsoon season in India is during the months of June to September. The crops which are sown in the rainy season are called Kharif crops. Paddy, maize, soyabean, groundnut and cotton are Kharif crops.
Hence, the correct answer is option (b).
Page No 2:
Question 11:
The system of irrigation where in water is supplied drop by drop near the roots of plants, is called
(a) pulley system
(b) drip system
(c) sprinkler system
​(d) lever system
Answer:
The system of irrigation where the waterfalls drop by drop directly near the roots. So it is called a drip system. It is the best technique for watering fruit plants, gardens, and trees.
Hence, the correct answer is option (b).
Page No 2:
Question 12:
Pick out the odd one from the following words given in the box and give reason for it.
​Plough, Seed Drill, Hoe, Chain Pump, Sickle
Answer:
Only seed drill is a modern agricultural tool among the given options and the other tools like plough, hoe, chain pump and sickle are traditional equipment used for agriculture.
Page No 2:
Question 13:
​If you are given a dry piece of land for cultivation what will you do before sowing the seeds?
Answer:
Before sowing the seeds on a dry piece of land for cultivation, soil preparation is very important. To prepare the soil, tilling and ploughing is done with the help of a plough that is made of either wood or iron. For a dry piece of land, watering is also done before ploughing.
Page No 3:
Question 14:
State whether the following statements are True or False. Correct the false statements.
​(i) Using good quality seed is the only criterion to get high yield.
(ii) Growing different crops in different seasons in the same field will deplete the soil of nutrients.
(iii) All crop plants are sown as seeds in the field.
(iv) Cells of root nodules of leguminous plants fix nitrogen.
(v) Freshly harvested grains must be dried before storing.
Answer:
(i) False
To get a high yield, apart from good quality seeds, appropriate agricultural practices, proper irrigation, nutrient-rich soil and protection from weeds is also important.
(ii) False
This method of crop rotation actually replenishes the soil with nutrients.
(iii) False
All crops are not won as seeds in the field, some are sown by the process of transplantation where the plant is manually transplanted from one place to another.
(iv) False
The bacteria, Rhizobium present in the nodules of roots of leguminous plants helps in the process of nitrogen fixation.
(v) True
Page No 3:
Question 15:
​During which months do farmers grow mustard in India?
Answer:
Mustard is a Rabi crop that is grown in the winter season (from October to March) as they need low temperature to grow.
Page No 3:
Question 16:
​Which activity of the farmer can promote growth of earthworms and microbes in the field?
Answer:
For the preparation of soil, it is loosened with the help of ploughing. This allows the roots to penetrate deep into the soil. The loosened soil helps in the growth of earthworms and microbes present in the soil.
Page No 3:
Question 17:
​Beera, wants to practice crop rotation in his field. Suggest a Rabi crop and a Kharif crop which will replenish his field with nitrogen. Which crop replenishes nitrogen and why?
Answer:
Soybean is a Kharif crop while Pea is a Rabi crop, which when used in crop rotation will help replenish the field with nitrogen. Both pea and soybean are leguminous plants that help in nitrogen fixation due to the presence of Rhizobium bacterium in the roots nodules of these plants.
Page No 3:
Question 18:
Match the agricultural implements given in Column A with their use given in Column B.
Column A Column B
(i) Sickle (a) Ploughing
(ii) Hoe (b) Sowing
(iii) Seed Drill (c) Harvesting
(iv) Sprinkler (d) Irrigation
(i)___; (ii)___; (iii)___; (iv)___​
Answer:
Column A Column B
(i) Sickle (c) Harvesting
(ii) Hoe (a) Ploughing
(iii) Seed Drill (b) Sowing
(iv) Sprinkler (d) Irrigation
Page No 3:
Question 19:
​What are organic foods?
Answer:
Organic food are the products of the farming which avoids the use of fertilizers, weedicides or pesticides. These food products are free from any form of synthetic chemicals.
Page No 3:
Question 20:
From the word puzzle given as Fig. 1.1 find atleast eight words which are ‘farmer’s friends.’ Classify them into living and non living.
​
| B | S | E | I | L | O | R | U | A | Z | Z |
| O | E | A | R | T | H | W | O | R | M | K |
| E | E | Z | L | G | O | H | Y | H | I | U |
| X | D | N | U | R | E | A | S | I | C | S |
| D | M | O | X | P | T | K | Y | Z | R | B |
| C | L | R | B | U | L | L | F | O | O | X |
| P | W | K | V | R | A | O | E | B | B | C |
| I | Q | P | G | B | G | C | W | I | E | M |
| M | A | N | U | R | E | V | J | U | S | P |
| Q | X | F | U | S | A | Z | T | M | U | V |
Answer:
Living: Seed, Earthworm, Rhizobium, Microbes, Ox.
Non-living: Plough, Urea, NPK, Manure, Hoe.
Image.
Page No 4:
Question 21:
​(a) Name the tool used with a tractor for sowing seeds in a field.
(b) What are the advantages of using this tool?
Answer:
(a) Seed drill is used for sowing with the help of tractors.
(b) Advantages-
1. It sows the seeds uniformly at equal distance and depth.
2. It ensures that seeds get covered by the soil after sowing.
3. It saves time and labor.
Page No 4:
Question 22:
​(a) Name the practice followed for large scale rearing of farm animals.
(b) What facilities are provided to farm animals?
Answer:
(a) Animal husbandry
(b) Farm animals are provided with proper food, shelter and care.
Page No 4:
Question 23:
Clasify the following crops into Khariff and Rabi crops and write in the tabular column given below:
Maize, paddy, mustard, pea, gram, wheat, groundnut, cotton.
​
| Khariff | Rabi |
Answer:
​
| Kharif | Rabi |
| Paddy | Mustard |
| Maize | Wheat |
| Groundnut | Gram |
| Cotton | Pea |
Page No 5:
Question 24:
​Despite favourable climatic conditions, a farmer’s crop failed to give good yield. Give the possible reasons for this.
Answer:
The possible reasons for a failed crop can be-
- Poor quality of seeds
- Improper tilling or ploughing of the soil
- Inappropriate use of manure or fertilizers
- Poor irrigation to the crops
- Excessive growth of weeds
Page No 5:
Question 25:
As a part of eco-club activity students were asked to raise a kitchen garden in the school premises. They were provided with some materials given in the box. List the other materials you would require. How will you plan the garden? Write the steps.
| khurpi, | water-can, | spade, | shovel |
Answer:
Apart from given tools, healthy seeds, manure, soil, water and kitchen waste such as vegetable peels, etc. can also be used.
Steps to set up a kitchen garden-
- A proper place with adequate sunlight and soil is chosen for planting the seeds.
- The soil is prepared by loosening the soil with the help of the spade.
- Then the seeds are sown at a proper distance.
- To the soil, an adequate amount of manure and compost are added. (Compost can be prepared in the garden with the help of kitchen waste)
- The plants are properly watered from time to time.
- The unwanted plants (weeds) are removed periodically with the help of khurpi.
Page No 5:
Question 26:
​Paddy is a major cereal crop in our country.
(a) In which season is paddy cultivated?
(b) Discuss the method of sowing.
(c) What measures must be taken to prevent spoilage and insect attack of harvested grains.
Answer:
(a) Paddy is a Kharif crop so it is cultivated in the rainy season (June to September)
(b) Seeds of paddy are first grown in a nursery. When they grow into seedlings, they are transplanted to the field manually.
(c) The harvested grains are properly dried in the sun to reduce the moisture in them. This prevents the attack by insect pests, bacteria and fungi. They can also be stored with dried neem leaves to prevent attack of insects.
Page No 5:
Question 27:
​Unscramble the words related to crop production and its management and write in the boxes given beneath them.
Answer:
(ii) THRESHING
(iii) IRRIGATION
(iv) RIVER
Page No 5:
Question 28:
​Given below is a conversation between two farmers Heera and
Beera.
Heera : Brother Beera, your maize crops looks beautiful! They have grown pretty fast.
Beera : Yes, I have sprayed urea this time. What about you?
Heera : Well, I am still relying on good old cow dung. I am saving money for buying a tractor.
Beera : That’s good. Tractor saves a lot of time and labour.
Heera : Yes, it’s been very labour intensive for me and now these weeds have come up.
Beera : Try weedicides, they are very effective.
Now answer the following questions.
(i) List the practices which are not environment friendly and why?
(ii) What is the advantage of modern agriculture implements over traditional ones?
(iii) Name one weedicide and the precaution farmers must take during its application.
Answer:
(i) The practices that are not environment friendly are the use of weedicides or any form of chemicals as they reduce the fertility of the soil and also affect the health of the farmer.
(ii) The modern agriculture practices save labour and time and the modern implements are more accurate and efficient to use.
(iii) 2,4-D is a weedicide. Farmers should cover their nose and mouth with a piece of cloth during the spraying of weedicides. They should also limit the use of such kinds of chemicals.
Page No 6:
Question 29:
​For discussion
Despite being one of the growing economies, our country still has a large section of population going hungry and malnourished. Do you think an efficient crop production mechanism is the only solution to this? Discuss in the class what else needs to be done to root out hunger and malnutrition from our country.
Answer:
Ans
Page No 6:
Question 30:
Terms related to agricultural practice are given below. Rearrange them in the correct sequence.
​harvesting, sowing, manuring, tilling and ploughing, irrigation, de–weeding.
Disclaimer: De-weeding is a wrong word, weeding is the correct word.
Answer:
The correct sequence of agricultural practices is-
- Tilling and ploughing: The most important task in agriculture is to turn the soil and loosen it. It allows the roots to penetrate deep into the soil. The loose soil allows the roots to breathe easily even when they go deep into the soil. The process of loosening and turning of the soil is called tilling or ploughing.
- Sowing- After tilling and ploughing, healthy seeds are collected and they are sown into considerable depth.
- Manuring- Plants are manured with humus that improves the texture of the soil and replenishes nutrients in the soil.
- Irrigation- It helps to water the plants regularly that will help in keeping the moisture of plants.
- Weeding- Weeds are removed before they get matured as they compete with crops for water, nutrients, and sunlight.
- Harvesting-Cutting and gathering matured crops is known as harvesting. Harvesting can be done manually as well as by using harvesters.
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