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(i) Loop of Henle

Solution:

Loop of henle refers to a portion of the nephron extending from the proximal convulated tubule till the distal convoluted tubule. It's main function is to concentrate urine by selectively absorbing the useful components from it.

This is named as loop of henle because it was discovered by F. G. J. Henle.

Loop of Henle plays a significant role in maintenance of concentration of solutes and water in urine. The descending limb concentrates the filtrate as it moves down by absorbing excess water and the ascending limb transports the electrolytes actively or passively to dilute the concentrated filtrate. Finally, the filtrate so formed is concentrated to limit the loss of water and required solutes from the body.  

Fig. The above diagram shows the Loop of Henle in the nephron.