write a short note on surat

Surat wasreferred as Gateway of trade because:

a. As Surat was an important commercial townwhichbecame an important center of commercial activities. Located near the sea it became the hub of economic activities whereby goods could be traded via sea routes.
b. Portuguese, English, Dutch has set up their factories in Surat.
c. Surat had a flourishing business of cotton textiles which was exported on a large scale to West Asia, Africa and Europe.
d. Surat became gate to Mecca ,because many pilgrim ships set sail from there.

Surat had huge banking houses that issued a Hundi that isa note recordinga deposit made bya person. Theamount depositedcan be claimed inanother place bypresenting therecord of thedeposit, this made transaction easy.Surat hundis were honoredin the markets of Cairo in Egypt, Basra in Iraqand Antwerp in Belgium.

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  • Surat in Gujarat was the emporium of western trade during the mughal empire.
  • Other trade centers included Cambay and Ahemadabad.
  • Surat was the gateway for trade with west asia via gulf of Ormuz.
  • Surat was also called the gate to mecca because many piligrims set sailfrom here.
  • The city was cosmopolitan.
  • People of all caste and creeds lived there.
  • In the 17thcentury the Portugese, Dutch and English had their factories and warehouses at Surat.
  • English chronicler Ovington wrote an account of the port in 1689. He said that on average hundred ships of different countries could be found anchored at the port at any given time.
  • There were also several retail and wholesale shops selling cotton textiles.
  • The textiles were famous for their gold lace borders (zari).
  • The had a market in Weat Asia, Africa and Europe.
  • The state built numerous rest houses to take care of the needs of the people from all over the world.
  • There were magnificient buildings and innumerable pleasure parks.
  • The Kathaiwads or mahajans (money changers) had huge banking houses at surat.
  • Surat hundis were hounered in far-off markets of Cairo in Egypt, Basara in Iraq and Antwerp in Belgium.
  • Surat began to decline towrds the end of 17th century.
  • The factors responsible for it were :

- The loss of markets and productivity as a result of decline of Mughal empire.

- Control of the sea routes by the Portugese.

- Competition from Mumbai where the English East India company shifted its headquarters in 1668.

  • Today Surat is a Bustling commercial center.
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it took me a lot of time to find out the answer and write it down as points

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Surat was an emporium. It was a cosmopolitan city people used to live from different caste and creed.
it was the gateway to Mecca. Surat was popular for its textile industries and mostly because of its gold lace borders ( zari). Surat hundis were considered the best so the big merchants built large banking houses at surat. They were praised in the far off markets.
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Surat was the gateway to trade with west asia via the GULF OF ORMUZ.

Surat HUNDIS were honoured in far off places and had matkets in Cairo in Egypt, Basra in Iraq and Antwerp in Belgium.

One could find several retail and wholesale shops selling cotton textiles and had a market in WEST ASIA, AFRICA and EUROPE.

It was also famous for its Gold Lace borders i.e. ZARI.

It has also been called the gate to Mecca because many pilgrim ships set sail from here.

There were also magnificient buildings and pleasure gardens that attracted people of far off land.

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The port city of Surat is situated in the state of Gujarat.

In 15th and the 16th century this city was known as Suryapur.

Later on, the Muslim conquerors changedits name to Bandar-e-khoobsoorat(the beautiful port) which was shortened to surat .

Surat remained an imp. trading centre of trade and industry.
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