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Write a short note on hormone action mechanism.

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Please find below the solution to the asked query                                                            

Mechanism of Hormone Action

  • Hormones exhibit their effects only after binding to their specific receptors located in the target tissues to form hormone-receptor complex.

  • Membrane-bound receptors: Present on the cell membrane of the target cell

  • Intracellular receptors: Present inside the target cell

  • This specific reaction leads to biochemical changes in the target tissue, and regulates its metabolism and physiological changes.​        

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Amino acid-derived hormones (water solubles) cannot enter through plasma membrane and function as first messenger. The steps of action are –

(i) Hormone binds to receptor protein present in plasma membrane.

(ii) Receptor protein activates G-protein present inside the cell.

(iii) G-protein activates adenyl cyclase of plasma membrane.

(iv) Adenyl cyclase converts ATP to cyclic AMP called second messenger.

(v) cAMP binds to protein kinases which in turn bind to specific site of DNA and cause gene expression.

Steroid hormones, being lipid soluble enter through plasma membrane and bind to receptor protein to form a complex. The complex binds to specific site of DNA and stimulates specific gene expression.

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