why nitro benzene is meta directing towards chlorination reaction. give mechanism

Dear Student,

The nitro group in aromatic compound benzene belongs to electron withdrawing group and during electrophilic substitution the benzene ring gets deactivated, During this mechanism the ortho para and para position becomes positively charged resulting in higher electrondensity in meta position. Hence the electrophile (electron deficient) group attacks meta position and thats the reason for nitrobenzene to be meta directing during chlorination reaction. The mechanism of the reaction scheme is expressed below,



Regards.

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