What aresome of the challenges to social order in urban areas?

Most ofthe challenges to social order in the urban areas are related to the‘space’. This is because of the high population densitywhich leads to the problem of logistics. The following are some ofthese challenges:

(i) Themanagement of space is related to development of housing,transportation, land use and public facilities like sanitation,policing and urban governance.

(ii)Inadequate facilities for housing results in homelessness anddevelopment of slums that are congested and overcrowdedneighbourhoods, with improper facilities.

(iii) Lawand order issues due to criminal activities in slums. The major causeis the undefined rights over property of slum owners.

(iv) Theresidential colonies in urban areas are mixed with people of allclass, caste, religion and ethnicity, which also give rise tocommunal problems, such as riots, and the phenomenon ofghettoisation.

(v) Thegated or affluent communities are separated from their surroundingsby walls, gates and run their own parallel facilities for water andelectricity supply, policing and security.

(vi) Largedistances between residential, industrial and commercial areas placea burden on transport. People rely on private transport, whichresults in congestion and pollution.