A tendon (or sinew) is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue that usually connectsmuscle to bone[1] and is capable of withstanding tension. Tendons are similar to ligamentsand fasciae as they are all made of collagen except that ligaments join one bone to another bone, and fasciae connect muscles to other muscles. Tendons and muscles work together. tendons are composed mostly of parallel arrays of collagen fibres closely packed together. The dry mass of normal tendons, which makes up about 30% of the total mass with water, is composed of about 86% collagen, 2% elastin, 1–5% proteoglycans, and 0.2% inorganic components such as copper, manganese, and calcium.[2][3] The collagen portion is made up of 97-98% type I collagen, with small amounts of other types of collagen. These include type II collagen in the cartilaginous zones, type III collagen in the reticulin fibres of the vascular walls, type IX collagen, type IV collagen in the basement membranes of thecapillaries, type V collagen in the vascular walls, and type X collagen in the mineralized fibrocartilage near the interface with the bone.[2][4] Collagen fibres coalesce into macroaggregates. After secretion from the cell, the terminal peptides are cleaved byprocollagen N- and C-proteinases, and the tropocollagen molecules spontaneously assemble into insoluble fibrils. A collagen molecule is about 300 nm long and 1-2 nm wide, and the diameter of the fibrils that are formed can range from 50-500 nm. In tendons, the fibrils then assemble further to form fascicles, which are about 10 mm in length with a diameter of 50-300 μm, and finally into a tendon fibre with a diameter of 100-500 μm.[5] Groups of fascicles are bounded by the epitendon and peritendon to form the tendon organ.
