What are electrophiles and nucleophiles? Explain with examples.

An electrophile is a reagent that takes away an electron pair. In other words, an electron-seeking reagent is called an electrophile (E⁺). Electrophiles are electron-deficient and can receive an electron pair.

Carbocationsand neutral molecules having functional groups such as carbonyl group () are examples of electrophiles.

A nulceophile is a reagent that brings an electron pair. In other words, a nucleus-seeking reagent is called a nulceophile (Nu:).

For example: OH^–, NC^–, carbanions (R₃C^–), etc.

Neutral molecules such as H₂Ö and ammonia also act as nulceophiles because of the presence of a lone pair.