Try tofind out what Marx and Weber wrote about India.

(i) KarlMarx - He referred to the villages of India as “littlecommunities”. He was of the opinion that India was a selfsufficient group which had no contact with the outside world. Indiahad its own institutions and beliefs that controlled the humanbehaviour. Marx also opposed the British rule in Indian society andwas totally against it. He wrote many articles on India under theBritish Raj, in order to throw light upon his views.

(ii)Max Weber - He studied India under his works on the ‘Sociologyof Religion’. Weber understood the Indian society as orthodoxand suppressed, under the barriers of the caste system. He emphasisedthroughout his studies the need of rational thinking, which wasopposed by the caste system in India. He also believed that thereligion and caste system together acted against economicdevelopment.