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Research on the troublesthat farmers are facing to maintain fertile soil?

Dear student.
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Replenishing of the soil can be done by adding manure or fertilisers and also by crop rotation. Leave the land for some time after growing one type of crop so that it can regain its nutrients from dead and decaying matter. Plants obtain much of the nutrients from the soil and air, so they need little amount of the fertilizers to grow well. If a farmer applies large amount of fertilizer in the soil, it will decrease the fertility of the soil and cause burning to new plants due to dehydration of root system. The soil can be made fertile and cultivable for crops again, by removing the excess fertilizer by regular irrigation. The irrigation will allow soil to absorb nutrients more quickly, making it fit again for cultivation.
 

Soil fertility can be maintained by 

1 practicing the method of crop rotation.

2 using  of leguminous fertility building crops 

3 nutrient cycling in the farm.

4 Application of green manure and compost and mulching.

5 Avoiding Soil erosion.

6 Growing more trees.

Regards.


 

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When any crop is sold, nutrients are lost from the farm. While many soils can supply nutrients for crop growth without fertilizer additions for many years, eventually the productivity of the farm will decrease unless the nutrients are replaced. A major challenge of managing soil fertility for organic food production is to integrate the input of nutrients from acceptable sources with the use of proper crop rotation. For animal farming operations, this task is fairly straightforward. Farmers will grow and purchase feed for their operation, provide this feed to their animals, collect/compost the manure from the animals, and then apply the manure to appropriate crops. Legumes in association with nitrogen (N) fixing bacteria are used in the rotation to biologically fix N from the atmosphere. These legumes can be used as feed for ruminant animals or as green manure. Deep-rooted legumes also can cycle nutrients from the subsoil to the soil surface. Grasses can also be used as forage and green manure crops to add organic matter and cycle nutrients from lower soil depths. Additional green manure crops include small grains like winter rye, sorghum-sudangrass, and buckwheat.

hope this helps.
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Thanks dhruv
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