pls give me any five points on jaliyawala bagh

A brief account of Jallianwala Bagh Tragedy is this:

In 1919 British had passed Rowlatt act.The Act curbed fundamental rights such as the freedom of expression and strengthened police powers. Mahatma Gandhi, Mohammad Ali Jinnah and others felt that the government had no right to restrict people’s basic freedoms. Gandhiji gave a call for a satyagraha against it. He asked the Indian people to observe 6 April 1919 as a day of non-violent opposition to this Act, as a day of “humiliation and prayer” and (strike). Satyagraha Sabhas were set up to launch the movement. The Rowlatt Satyagraha turned out to be the first all-India struggle against the British government although it was largely restricted to cities.

In April 1919 there were a number of demonstrations and hartals in the country and the government used brutal measures to suppress them. The Jallianwala Bagh is one such glaring example of those atrocities, inflicted by General Dyer in Amritsar on Baisakhi day (13 April) where he ordered several rounds of firing on the unarmed civilians who had gathered for a peaceful meeting. That ground had just one exit which was blocked by the armed British forces. They fired till the ammunitions got exhausted. People jumped into the wells to escape the bullets. The walls of the compound are embedded with the bullet marks.

Consequences were as follows:

  • On learning about the massacre, Rabindranath Tagore expressed the pain and anger of the country by renouncing his knighthood.
  • It made the people furious about this.
  • It became one of the strongest reasons for non-cooperation

  • 3

(i.e) on event

  • 0

Jallianwala Bagh is a public garden in Amritsar in the Punjab province of India, and houses a memorial of national importance, established in 1951 to commemorate the murder of peaceful celebrators on the occasion of the Punjabi New Year on April 13, 1919 in the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre. Official British Raj sources placed the fatalities at 379, and with 1100 wounded. Civil Surgeon Dr. Smith indicated that there were 1,526 casualties.The true figures of fatalities are unknown, but are likely to be higher than the official figure of 379.

 

On 13 April 1919, the Baisakhi Day, a public meeting was announced to be held in Jallianwala Bagh in the evening. Dyer came to Jallianwala Bagh with a force of 150 troops. They took up their positions on an elevated ground towards the main entrance, a narrow lane in which hardly two men can walk abreast.

"Towards the exits on the either flank, the crowds converged in their frantic effort to get away, jostling, clambering, elbowing and trampling over each other. Seeing this movement, Brigs drew Dyer's attention to it, and Dyer mistakenly imagining that these sections of the crowd were getting ready to rush him, directed the fire of the troops straight at them. The result was horrifying. Men screamed and went down, to be trampled by those coming after. Some were hit again and again. In places the dead and wounded lay in heaps; men would go down wounded, to find themselves immediately buried beneath a dozen others.

From here 1600 rounds of bullets were fired by troops on 20,000 innocent people.

The firing still went on. Hundreds abandoning all hope of getting away through the exits, tried the walls which in places were five feet high and at others seven or ten. Fighting for a position, they ran at them, clutching at the smooth surfaces, trying frantically to get a hold. some people almost reached the top to be pulled down by those fighting behind them. Some more agile than the rest, succeeded in getting away, but many more were shot as they clambered up, and some sat poised on the top before leaping down on the further side.

20,000 people were caught beneath the hail of bullets: all of them frantically trying to escape from the quiet meeting place which had suddenly became a screaming hell.


The whole Bagh was filled with the sound of sobbing and moaning and the voices of people calling for help."Some of those who endured it gave their guess as a quarter of an hour. Dyer thought probably 10 minutes; but from the number of rounds fired it may not have been longer than six. In that time 3370 men and women, 410 boys and a baby seven weeks old had been killed, and 1,500 men and boys wounded.

The flame lighted at Jallianwala Bagh, ultimately set the whole of India aflame. It is a landmark in India's struggle for freedom. It gave great impetus to Satyagrah movement, which ultimately won freedom for India on 15 August 1947

  • 1

The events that ensued from the passage of the Rowlatt Act in 1919 were also influenced by activities associated with the Ghadar conspiracy. British Indian Army troops were returning from Europe and Mesopotamia to an economic depression in India. [14] [15] The attempts at mutiny during 1915 and the Lahore conspiracy trials were still in public attention. Reports of young Mohajirs who fought on behalf of the Turkish Caliphate, and later, in the ranks of the Red Army during the Russian Civil War, were beginning to reach India. The Russian Revolution had also begun to influence Indians. [16] It was at this time that Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, until then relatively unknown to Indians, started becoming a popular leader.

Ominously, in 1919, the third Anglo-Afghan war began after Amir Habibullah Khan 's assassination and institution of Amanullah Khan in a system influenced by the Kabul mission. In addition, in India, Gandhi 's call for protest against the Rowlatt act achieved an unprecedented response of furious unrest and protests. The situation especially in Punjab was deteriorating rapidly, with disruptions of rail, telegraph and communication systems.

In Amritsar, more than 5,000 people gathered at Jallianwala Bagh. This situation deteriorated perceptibly during the next few days. Michael O 'Dwyer is said to have believed that these were the early and ill-concealed signs of a conspiracy for a coordinated revolt around May, at a time when British troops would have withdrawn to the hills for the summer. The Amritsar massacre, as well as responses preceding and succeeding it, contrary to being an isolated incident, was the end result of a concerted plan of response from the Punjab administration to suppress such a conspiracy. [17] James Houssemayne Du Boulay is said to have ascribed a direct relationship between the fear of a Ghadarite uprising in the midst of an increasingly tense situation in Punjab, and the British response that ended in the massacre. [18]

On April 10, 1919, there was a protest at the residence of the Deputy Commissioner of Amritsar, a city in Punjab, a large province in the northwestern part of the then unpartitioned India. The demonstration was to demand the release of two popular leaders of the Indian Independence Movement, Satya Pal and Saifuddin Kitchlew, who had been earlier arrested by the government and removed to a secret location. Both were proponents of the Satyagraha movement led by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. The crowd was shot at by a military picket, killing several protesters. The shooting set off a series of violent events. Later the same day, several banks and other government buildings, including the Town Hall and the railway station were attacked and set afire. The violence continued to escalate, culminating in the deaths of at least five Europeans, including government employees and civilians. There was retaliatory shooting at crowds from the military several times during the day, and between eight and twenty people were killed

  • 1

Jallianwala Bagh massacre for after the Jallianwala Bagh (Garden) in the northern Indian city of Amritsar where, on April 13, 1919 (which happened to be 'Baisakhi' one of Punjab's largest religious festivals) fiftyBritish Indian Army soldiers, commanded by Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer, began shooting at an unarmed gathering of men, women and children without warning. The shooting lasted for ten to fifteen minutes, until ammunition ran out. Dyer ordered soldiers to reload their rifles several times and they were ordered to shoot to kill. Official British Raj sources estimated the fatalities at 379, and with 1,100 wounded. Civil Surgeon Dr Smith indicated that there were 1,526 casualties.However, the casualty number quoted by the Indian National Congress was more than 1,500, with roughly 1,000 killed.

  • 1

  • On this Indian freedom leaders and people were gathered peacefully to celebrate the festival of baisakke in the jallianwala bagh.
  • The and English general dyer came with his man and ordered firing order. 
  • They started killing people for no reason which included a large no. of woman and children. 
  • People even jumped in a well situated there to save there life. 
  •  Thousands of Innocent people were killed.

hope this helps u!

  • 1
What are you looking for?