Please give me a short summary/ notes of the chapter ' why do we fall ill' .
Hii,
Why Do We Fall Ill
**Health and Disease
* Health - A state of physical, mental, and social well-being that includes a unity and
harmony within the mind, body, and soul of an organism
* Disease - Any condition that can lead to discomfort, distress, health problems, and
even death of the affected person
* Symptoms - Indications of disease, such as headache, stomach pain, nausea, etc
that can only be felt by the patient
* Signs of a disease include fever, vomiting, diarrhoea, etc that can be observed by a
physician
* Incubation period - The time interval between infection and appearance of
symptoms
**Causes of diseases
* On the basis of its duration - Acute and Chronic
* Acute - Lasts for a short period of time, eg. Cold, cough, influenza, etc.
* Chronic - Lasts for long periods of time, eg. Diabetes, kidney stones, etc.
* On the basis of causative agents - Infectious and Non-infectious
* Infectious - Diseases such as influenza, cold, etc., which are caused due to
infectious agents
* Non-infectious - Diseases such as high blood pressure, cancer, etc., which are
caused by some internal causes such as excessive weight, genetic defects, etc.
***Infectious agents
**They are the disease-causing microorganisms which belong to different categories such
as:
* Viruses - These are tiny organisms that grow, multiply, or reproduce only inside
the host cells
* Diseases caused by viruses - Influenza, cold (Rhinovirus), dengue, AIDS,
SARS etc.
* Bacteria - These are unicellular organisms; larger than viruses
* Diseases caused by bacteria - Whooping cough, typhoid, cholera, anthrax,
etc.
* Fungi - These are plant-like organisms; heterotrophic
* Diseases caused by Fungi - Athlete’s foot, candidiasis, ringworms, etc. Protozoa -
**These are simple, primitive unicellular organisms which are often
**These are simple, primitive unicellular organisms which are often
found in water
* Diseases caused by Protozoa - Amoebiasis, kala azar, malaria, African
sleeping sickness, etc. Sleeping sickness is caused by Trypanosoma and Kala azar is
caused by Leishmania
* Multicellular animals like worms - These are parasites that infect the
intestines of human beings and other animals
* Diseases caused by worms- Diarrhoea, liver rot, etc.
Communicable diseases
* An infectious disease is classified as communicable disease when it can be transferred from an infected person to a healthy person
***Means of disease spread
**They are the disease-causing microorganisms which belong to different categories such as:
* Air-borne diseases - Transmitted when disease-causing microorganisms are
expelled into the air by coughing, sneezing, talking, etc. E.g. common cold, chicken
pox, small pox, pneumonia, influenza, tuberculosis, etc.
* Water-borne diseases - Spreads when the excretions (from an infected person)
containing causal microorganisms get mixed with drinking water and this
contaminated water is consumed. E.g. cholera, typhoid, hepatitis A, etc.
* Physical contact – Includes sexually-transmitted diseases. E.g. syphilis,
gonorrhoea, AIDS, etc.
* Blood to blood contact – Such contact is established during blood transfusion or
* Blood to blood contact – Such contact is established during blood transfusion or
pregnancy (between the mother and her baby). E.g. AIDS can spread through blood
contact
* Animals – Animals that transfer disease-causing microorganisms from an infected
person to others are called vectors. E.g. female mosquitoes can transfer the malariacausing Plasmodium
**Effects of diseases
* Local effects - Includes swelling, pain, joint stiffness, etc., that occur only at the
site of infection
* General effects - Includes fever chills, headaches, fatigue, loss of appetite, etc.,
that occur all over the body Inflammation- The process by which the body’s immune system shows response to protect the body from infection
**Prevention of diseases
* Antigens - Foreign substances that invade our body
* Immunisation - The protection of the body from communicable diseases by
administration of some agent that mimics the microbe.
* Vaccine: The suspension of killed microbes that mimics the disease causing
microbes.
* Vaccines available against tetanus, polio, measles, hepatitis B, etc
Source -> Revision notes from merit nation of science of chapter 13. Why do we fall ill ?
Hope this helps !! :)
Source -> Revision notes from merit nation of science of chapter 13. Why do we fall ill ?
Hope this helps !! :)
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Why Do We Fall Ill
**Health and Disease
* Health - A state of physical, mental, and social well-being that includes a unity and
harmony within the mind, body, and soul of an organism
* Disease - Any condition that can lead to discomfort, distress, health problems, and
even death of the affected person
* Symptoms - Indications of disease, such as headache, stomach pain, nausea, etc
that can only be felt by the patient
* Signs of a disease include fever, vomiting, diarrhoea, etc that can be observed by a
physician
* Incubation period - The time interval between infection and appearance of
symptoms
**Causes of diseases
* On the basis of its duration - Acute and Chronic
* Acute - Lasts for a short period of time, eg. Cold, cough, influenza, etc.
* Chronic - Lasts for long periods of time, eg. Diabetes, kidney stones, etc.
* On the basis of causative agents - Infectious and Non-infectious
* Infectious - Diseases such as influenza, cold, etc., which are caused due to
infectious agents
* Non-infectious - Diseases such as high blood pressure, cancer, etc., which are
caused by some internal causes such as excessive weight, genetic defects, etc.
***Infectious agents
**They are the disease-causing microorganisms which belong to different categories such
as:
* Viruses - These are tiny organisms that grow, multiply, or reproduce only inside
the host cells
* Diseases caused by viruses - Influenza, cold (Rhinovirus), dengue, AIDS,
SARS etc.
* Bacteria - These are unicellular organisms; larger than viruses
* Diseases caused by bacteria - Whooping cough, typhoid, cholera, anthrax,
etc.
* Fungi - These are plant-like organisms; heterotrophic
* Diseases caused by Fungi - Athlete’s foot, candidiasis, ringworms, etc. Protozoa -
**These are simple, primitive unicellular organisms which are often
found in water
* Diseases caused by Protozoa - Amoebiasis, kala azar, malaria, African
sleeping sickness, etc. Sleeping sickness is caused by Trypanosoma and Kala azar is
caused by Leishmania
* Multicellular animals like worms - These are parasites that infect the
intestines of human beings and other animals
* Diseases caused by worms- Diarrhoea, liver rot, etc.
Communicable diseases
* An infectious disease is classified as communicable disease when it can be transferred from an infected person to a healthy person
***Means of disease spread
**They are the disease-causing microorganisms which belong to different categories such as:
* Air-borne diseases - Transmitted when disease-causing microorganisms are
expelled into the air by coughing, sneezing, talking, etc. E.g. common cold, chicken
pox, small pox, pneumonia, influenza, tuberculosis, etc.
* Water-borne diseases - Spreads when the excretions (from an infected person)
containing causal microorganisms get mixed with drinking water and this
contaminated water is consumed. E.g. cholera, typhoid, hepatitis A, etc.
* Physical contact – Includes sexually-transmitted diseases. E.g. syphilis,
gonorrhoea, AIDS, etc.
* Blood to blood contact – Such contact is established during blood transfusion or
pregnancy (between the mother and her baby). E.g. AIDS can spread through blood
contact
* Animals – Animals that transfer disease-causing microorganisms from an infected
person to others are called vectors. E.g. female mosquitoes can transfer the malariacausing Plasmodium
**Effects of diseases
* Local effects - Includes swelling, pain, joint stiffness, etc., that occur only at the
site of infection
* General effects - Includes fever chills, headaches, fatigue, loss of appetite, etc.,
that occur all over the body Inflammation- The process by which the body’s immune system shows response to protect the body from infection
**Prevention of diseases
* Antigens - Foreign substances that invade our body
* Immunisation - The protection of the body from communicable diseases by
administration of some agent that mimics the microbe.
* Vaccine: The suspension of killed microbes that mimics the disease causing
microbes.
* Vaccines available against tetanus, polio, measles, hepatitis B, etc
Source -> Revision notes from merit nation of science of chapter 13. Why do we fall ill ?
Hope this helps !! :)
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