mention five kinds of adverbs.

ADVERBS OF CERTAINTY

These adverbs express how certain or sure we feel about an action or event.

Common adverbs of certainty:

certainlydefinitely, probably, undoubtedly, surely

Adverbs of certainty go before the main verb but after the verb 'to be':

· He definitely left the house this morning.

· He is probably in the park.

With other auxiliary verb, these adverbs go between the auxiliary and the main verb:

· He has certainly forgotten the meeting.

· He will probably remember tomorrow.

Sometimes these adverbs can be placed at the beginning of the sentence:

· Undoubtedly, Winston Churchill was a great politician.

BE CAREFUL! with surely. When it is placed at the beginning of the sentence, it means the speaker thinks something is true, but is looking for confirmation:

Example:

· Surely you've got a bicycle?

See also ADVERBS OF ATTITUDE 

COMPARATIVE FORMS OF ADVERBS

In general, comparative and superlative forms of adverbs are the same as for adjectives:

· add -er or -est to short adverbs:

Adverb

Comparative

Superlative

hard
late
fast

harder
later 
faster

the hardest
the latest 
the fastest

Example:

· Jim works harder than his brother.

· Everyone in the race ran fast, but John ran the fastest of all.

with adverbs ending in -lyuse more for the comparative and most for the superlative:

Adverb

Comparative

Superlative

quietly
slowly
seriously

more quietly
more slowly
more seriously

most quietly
most slowly
most seriously

Example:

· The teacher spoke more slowly to help us to understand.

· Could you sing more quietly please?

Some adverbs have irregular comparative forms:

Adverb

Comparative

Superlative

badly
far
little
well

worse
farther/further
less
better

worst
farthest/furthest
least
best

Example:

· The little boy ran further than his friends.

· You're driving worse today than yesterday !

BE CAREFUL! Sometimes 'most' can mean 'very':

· We were most grateful for your help

· I am most impressed by this application.

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1. In most cases, an adverb is formed by adding '-ly' to an adjective:

Adjective

Adverb

cheap
quick

slow

cheaply
quickly
slowly

Examples:

· Time goes quickly.

· He walked slowly to the door.

· She certainly had an interesting life.

· He carefully picked up the sleeping child.

If the adjective ends in '-y', replace the 'y' with 'i' and add '-ly':

Adjective

Adverb

easy
angry
happy
lucky

easily
angrily
happily
luckily

If the adjective ends in -'able', '-ible'or '-le'replace the '-e' with '-y':

Adjective

Adverb

probable
terrible
gentle

probably
terribly
gently

If the adjective ends in '-ic', add '-ally':

Adjective

Adverb

basic
economic
tragic

basically
economically
tragically

Note: Exception: public - publicly

2. Some adverbs have the same form as the adjective:

Adjective / Adverb

early
fast
hard
high

late
near
straight
wrong

Compare:

· It is a fast car.

· He drives very fast.

· This is a hard exercise.

· He works hard.

· We saw many high buildings.

· The bird flew high in the sky.

3. 'Welland 'good'

'Well' is the adverb that corresponds to the adjective 'good'.

Examples:

· He is a good student.

· He studies well.

· She is a good pianist.

· She plays the piano well.

· They are good swimmers.

· They swim well.

ADVERBS - FUNCTION

Adverbs modify, or tell us more about other words, usually verbs:

· The bus moved slowly.

· The bears ate greedily.

Sometimes they tell us more about adjectives:

· You look absolutely fabulous!

They can also modify other adverbs:

· She played the violin extremely well.

· You're speaking too quietly.

KINDS OF ADVERBS

INTERROGATIVE ADVERBS

These are:

whywhere, how, when

They are usually placed at the beginning of a question.

Examples:

· Why are you so late?

· Where is my passport?

· How are you?

· How much is that coat?

· When does the train arrive?

Notice that how can be used in four different ways:

1. meaning 'in what way?':
How did you make this sauce?
How do you start the car?

2. with adjectives:
How tall are you?
How old is your house?

3. with much and many:
How much are these tomatoes?
How many people are coming to the party?

4. with other adverbs:
How quickly can you read this?
How often do you go to London?

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 VIEWPOINT AND COMMENTING ADVERBS

There are some adverbs and adverbial expressions which tell us about the speaker's viewpoint or opinion about an action, or make some comment on the action.

Viewpoint

Frankly, I think he is a liar. (= this is my frank, honest opinion)
Theoretically, you should pay a fine. (= from a theoretical point of view but there may be another way of looking at the situation)

These adverbs are placed at the beginning of the sentence and are separated from the rest of the sentence by a comma.

Some common Viewpoint adverbs:

honestly, seriously, confidentially, personally, surprisingly, ideally, economically, officially, obviously, clearly, surely, undoubtedly.

Examples:

· Personally, I'd rather go by train.

· Surprisingly, this car is cheaper than the smaller model.

· Geographically, Britain is rather cut off from the rest of Europe.

Commenting

· She is certainly the best person for the job.

· You obviously enjoyed your meal.

These are very similar to viewpoint adverbs, and often the same words, but they go in a different position - after the verb to be andbefore the main verb.

Some common Commenting adverbs:

definitely, certainly, obviously, simply.

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 really you all are ding a great job

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