list the three phenomenon of light responsible for the formation of rainbow in the sky - Science - The Human Eye and the Colourful World

Question

list the three phenomenon of light responsible for the formation
of rainbow in the sky

Abhishek Gupta · Accepted Answer

Dear Student!
The three phenomenon responsible for formation of rainbow
are:

Refraction
Total internal reflection
Dispersion

First of all light enters the spherical water droplets The value
of refractive index depends inversely upon the wavelength of the
radiation in the medium, thus white light is dispersed at this
point only Now, during rainbow formation, these rays are reflected
by the surface of the bubbles (and not refracted) by a phenomenon
called total internal reflection
When these rays come out of the spherical drops they undergo
refraction again (Here, criterion of reflection is not fulfilled)
the rays are again dispersed (Like in a prism) because of different
values of refractive index of each colour and finally form
rainbow
Because of these criteria, rainbow does not form always, as the
criterion of total internal reflection may or may not be satisfied
at all the times Moreover, rainbow is formed by a very large number
of drops, so the amount of water present is also important
Hope it is clear!
Best wishes!!