in the answer of the given question what is being done inside the circled part

Solution,
For thin prism,
δ=μ-1A
For air,
δ=μ-1A
When immersed in a liquid of refractive index μ'
δ'=μμ'-1A
The ratio of deviation of two cases:
δ'δ=μμ'-1Aμ-1A=μμ'-1μ-1=3254-132-1=265-1=2×15=25
 

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