how did excess demand increase the price of a commodity and excess supply decrease the price of commodity

Priya, 
Excess demand is defined as the situation, where the market demand exceeds the market supply at a particular market price When there is an excess demand in market, the competition among the buyers increase. Due to this, the buyers will tend to buy the output at a higher price which in turn will increase the market price.

Excess supply 
is defined as a situation, where the market demand falls short of the market supply at a given price. In this case, competition among the sellers increase which in turn will result in a fall in the market price.  
 

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Wen der is excess dd , price is increased so that wen price will increase dd will decrease and will continue till it reaches the equilibrium.

Wen der is excess supply means products are producing more than demanded so price decreases to increase demand and continue till it reaches the equilibrium.
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