explain the concept of convergent and divergent evolution with suitable example?

Divergent evolution :
It is the cumulative process of natural selection which ultimately leads to the formation of new species from the same ancestral base.
The example of divergent evolution is Darwin finches.
There are now 80 varieties of finches have evolved from a single variety of finches.
Both the wooly mammoth and the elephant originated from a common ancestor, but the common ancestor eventually diverged, and hence forth two new species were created in the process.
They live in different ways than the common ancestor
It is caused by migration or nearby extinction of a nearby environment. Example: Dinosaur.

 
Convergent evolution:
It is the process where some diverse organisms individually develop the traits which are similar in function.
For example insects, birds, pterosaurs, and bats. All have developed the similar nature of the flight/wings.
All four serve the same function and are similar in structure, but each evolved independently.
When unrelated organisms evolve similarities when adapting to similar environments
they live in the relatively same way as each other.
Rheas and ostriches are living in different parts of the world and these are closely similar, due to living in similar environments.
 

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