Explain the composition of soil

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Soil is composed of:
  1. Mineral matter, derived from decomposition of rocks.
  2. Organic matter, derived from decayed plant residues, animals remains, microbes etc.
  3. Water, obtained from atmosphere.
  4. Air and gases, obtained from atmosphere.
  5. Microbes such as worms, insects etc. 
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While soil minerals and organic matter hold and store nutrients, soil water is what readily provides nutrients for plant uptake. ... The basic components of soil are minerals, organic matter, water and air. The typical soil consists of approximately 45% mineral, 5% organic matter, 20-30% water, and 20-30% air.
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Soils are composed of mineral matter and organic matter and contain pore spaces filled with water or air and soluble nutrients. Organic matter serves as a binder for mineral particles, contributing to good soil structure and tilth, which refers to the behavior of soil under cultivation.
The organic matter content of mineral surface soils ranges from less than 0.5 percent in highly weathered, sandy soils to more than 6 percent in poorly drained prairie soils.

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