explain mendel's law of segregation with a monohybrid cross
Mendel's law of segregation states that the alleles of an individual, separate during the formation of gametes.
Mendel crossed a true breeding tall plant (TT) and true breeding short plant (tt). This cross ( F1 generation) yielded only tall plants having a genotype of Tt. He then self crossed the plants of F1 generation resulting in F2 generation. In the F2 generation, both tall and dwarf plants were found in the ratio of 3:1.
Parents:
True breeding tall plant - TT
True breeding small plant - tt
F1 generation - Tt
So, during the gamete formation both the alleles separate resulting in the formation of gametes; T and t.
F1 generation on self crossing will result in F2 generation.
The punnett square of the second generation is as follows:
| T | t |
T | TT | Tt |
t | Tt | tt |
Phenotypic ratio obtained was 3:1::tall:short