Answer in brief

Dear student,
1) Following are the challenges faced by jute industries in India -

i) Prices of jute textiles are so low that industrialists hesitate to set up these industries.
ii ) International demand of jute goods is falling sharply which is not an encouragement for these industries.
iii ) Many countries now prefer substitutes for jute like plastic or synthetic fibres which reduces its demand.
iv) Our jute industries face hard competition from Brazil, Thailand, Bangladesh and Egypt whose production cost of jute textile is much lower than that of India.
v ) As jute exhausts soil fertility very fast and also because of its low profits , farmers now prefer to cultivate alternative crops like Rice.

2) Each industry has different stages of production.
The stages of production include: 
  1. Inputs
  2. Processes
  3. Outputs
  • The inputs are the raw materials, labour and costs of land, transport, power and other infrastructure.
  • The processes include a wide range of activities that convert the raw material into finished products.
  • The outputs are the end product and the income earned from it.  
Example: In a textile industry the inputs may be cotton, human labour, factory and transport cost. The processes include ginning, spinning, weaving, dyeing and printing. The output is the shirt we wear.  





4)
S. No Farm system in India Farm system in USA
1. Farmer possess land of about 1.5 hectares In USA, average farm is about 250 hectares
2. The farmer purchases high yielding variety of seeds every alternate year The farmer resides in the farm and grows corn in his fields
3. He grows 2 crops in a year which are mostly wheat and rice He grows major crops like corn, soyabean, wheat, cotton, sugarbeet
4. He ploughs the field through tractor which he gets through rent and also irrigates his field through rented tube well from the nearby field He take adequate measures to control pests in his crops, sends soil samples to laboratory, and his computer is linked to satellite which in turn helps to use chemical fertilizers whenever it is required
5. He approaches cooperative societies for buying HYV seeds and farm implements He uses tractors, seed drills, leveller, combined harvester, thresher to perform agricultural operations
6. Since the farmer do not have enough storage facilities they are forced to sell the produce even when the market is not favourable to them Grains are stored in automated grain storage and later dispatched to market agencies. In USA, farmer works like businessman
 



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