A solution containing 30g of non-volatile solute exactly in 90g of water has a vapour pressure of 2.8 kpa at 298 k. further, 18g of water is then added to the solution & the new vapour pressure becomes 2.9 kpa at 298 k. Calculate. a. Molar mass of the solute b. Vapour pressure of water at 298k
) The relative lowering of vapour pressure is given by the following expression
(p0solvent - psolution)/ p0solvent = n2/(n1 + n2)
Where p0solvent is the vapour prseure of the pure solvent, psolution is the vapour pressure of solution containing dissolved solute, n1 is the number of moles of solvent and n2 is the number of moles of solute.
For dilute solutions, n2 << n1, therefore the above expression reduces to
(p0solvent - psolution)/ p0solvent = n2/n1
= (w2 X M1) / (M2 X w1) (i)
Where w1 and w2 are the masses and M1 and M2 are the molar masses of solvent and solute respectively.
We are given that
w2 = 30g
w1 = 90g
psolution = 2.8kpa
p0solvent = ? and M2 = ?
Substituting these values in relation (i), we get
(p0solvent -2.8)/ p0solvent = (30 X 18)/ (M2 X 90)
(p0solvent -2.8)/ p0solvent = 6/ M2 (1)
Similarly for second case we have the following values
w2 = 30g
w1 = (90 + 18)g = 108g
psolution = 2.9 kpa
Therefore we get
(p0solvent -2.9)/ p0solvent = (30 X 18)/ (M2 X 108)
= 5/M2 (2)
Dividing (1) by (2), We get
(p0solvent -2.8)/ (p0solvent -2.9) = 6/5
Therefore
p0solvent = 3.4kpa
That is vapour pressure of water at 298K is 3.4 kpa.
Substituting the value of p0solvent in (1), we get
(3.4- 2.8)/3.4 = 6/M2
or 0.6/3.4 = 6/ M2
Therefore M2 = 34g
Therefore mass of solute is 34g and vapour pressure of water at 298K is 3.4 kpa.