(1) Explain the process of using clonning vector?
(2) what is gene clonning ?
are both same
Solution:
Gene cloning and cloning vector are not same. Gene cloning is a process that makes use of cloning vectors.
Cloning vector is a vehicle used to transfer a gene of interest attached to it into a host for its cloning(making copies). They are pieces of DNA that can be extra-chromosomal region in bacteria (plasmid), bacteriophages, Yeast artificial chromosome, etc. Plasmid cloning vectors contain different components that help in successful cloning of gene of interest.
They contain cloning sites which are the recognition sites for restriction enzymes (such as EcoRI, Hind III, PvuI , BamHI, etc.). These are the sites where restriction enzymes cut the DNA of vector and insert foreign DNA into it.
They also contain Origin of replication (Ori). Origin of replication starts here because this site attracts some proteins which help in the opening and unwinding of DNA and this leads to the initiation of replication.
Cloning vectors also contains selectable markers that help to select transformants from the populations of organisms. Transformants are those host organisms that successfully take up the recombinant molecule of DNA after the process of transformation. A recombinant molecule of DNA is formed by using a suitable cloning vector and gene of interest. The selectable markers present on the vector are antibiotic resistance gene and β galactosidase.
Gene cloning and cloning vector are not same. Gene cloning is a process that makes use of cloning vectors.
Cloning vector is a vehicle used to transfer a gene of interest attached to it into a host for its cloning(making copies). They are pieces of DNA that can be extra-chromosomal region in bacteria (plasmid), bacteriophages, Yeast artificial chromosome, etc. Plasmid cloning vectors contain different components that help in successful cloning of gene of interest.
They contain cloning sites which are the recognition sites for restriction enzymes (such as EcoRI, Hind III, PvuI , BamHI, etc.). These are the sites where restriction enzymes cut the DNA of vector and insert foreign DNA into it.
They also contain Origin of replication (Ori). Origin of replication starts here because this site attracts some proteins which help in the opening and unwinding of DNA and this leads to the initiation of replication.
Cloning vectors also contains selectable markers that help to select transformants from the populations of organisms. Transformants are those host organisms that successfully take up the recombinant molecule of DNA after the process of transformation. A recombinant molecule of DNA is formed by using a suitable cloning vector and gene of interest. The selectable markers present on the vector are antibiotic resistance gene and β galactosidase.
Gene cloning is an artificial process of producing exact copies of a particular gene using genetic engineering techniques.
There are two types of gene cloning:
1. In vivo gene cloning: In this type, the copies of genes are produced inside a host cell using restriction endonuclease and ligase enzymes.
2. In vitro gene cloning: In this type, the copies of genes are produced in a reaction tube using the polymerase chain reaction.